Claudius Ptolemy was a mathematician, astronomer and geographer who worked in Alexandria, then a part of the Roman Empire, in the 2nd century AD. One of the most learned and influential men of his time, his theories dominated both astronomy and geography for nearly 1500 years. His writings were kept alive by Arabic scholars during the Middle Ages and reemerged in Europe during the Renaissance. The birth of printing led to wide dissemination of his great works on astronomy and geography. There were a number of editions of his Geographia beginning in 1477. These early editions contained maps based on his original writings, known as Ptolemaic maps. As geographic knowledge increased with the explorations of Columbus, Magellan, Cabot and others, maps of the New World were added, and maps of the Old World were revised. Ptolemy's Geographia continued to be revised and published by some of the most important cartographers including Martin Waldseemuller, Sebastian Munster, Giacomo Gastaldi, Jodocus Hondius, and Gerard Mercator (whose last edition was published in 1730).

This map presents the Ptolemaic view of India. The Himalayan Mountains stretch across the top of the map and the Indus and Ganges river systems are well delineated. However, the subcontinent is considerably shortened and lacks nearly the entire southern part of India. The northern tip of Taprobana (Sri Lanka) appears at bottom. This is the first state of this map, with the original cartouche, which was re-engraved in 1695. Latin text on verso with an alternate title: Asiae Tabula Decima.

Mercator originally published this map in his 1578 edition of Ptolemy's great Geography. Although he is most renowned today for the projection he popularized and for first using the term Atlas for a collection of maps, he devoted much of his life to his Ptolemaic maps. The maps were beautifully engraved as nearly as possible to their original form and embellished with fine cartouches. Published in Petrus Bertius' Theatrum Geographiae Veteris…, which included maps by Mercator and Ortelius.

References: Mickwitz & Miekkavaara #232-26; Van der Krogt (Vol. I) #0930:1.1.

Condition: B+

Very light toning and minor scattered foxing that is mostly confined to the blank margins. There are small damp stains along the top edge of the sheet.