Claudius Ptolemy was a mathematician, astronomer and geographer who worked in Alexandria, then a part of the Roman Empire, in the 2nd century AD. One of the most learned and influential men of his time, his theories dominated both astronomy and geography for nearly 1500 years. His writings were kept alive by Arabic scholars during the Middle Ages and reemerged in Europe during the Renaissance. The birth of printing led to wide dissemination of his great works on astronomy and geography. There were a number of editions of his Geographia beginning in 1477. These early editions contained maps based on his original writings, known as Ptolemaic maps. As geographic knowledge increased with the explorations of Columbus, Magellan, Cabot and others, maps of the New World were added, and maps of the Old World were revised. Ptolemy's Geographia continued to be revised and published by some of the most important cartographers including Martin Waldseemuller, Sebastian Munster, Giacomo Gastaldi, Jodocus Hondius, and Gerard Mercator (whose last edition was published in 1730).

Mercator's fine engraving style is evident on this attractive Ptolemaic map of northwestern Africa. The interior portrays mountain ranges, rivers and cities, as well as lions, a leopard and an elephant. The map includes the Straits of Gibraltar and is decorated with two sailing ships, compass rose and a fine strapwork title cartouche with two chubby child-like creatures with wings and fishtails. Mercator originally published this map in his 1578 edition of Ptolemy's great Geography. Although he is most renowned today for the projection he popularized and for first using the term Atlas for a collection of maps, he devoted much of his life to his Ptolemaic maps. The maps were beautifully engraved as nearly as possible to their original form and embellished with fine cartouches. This is the third state with a re-engraved title cartouche and the addition of a grid, published by R. and J. Westenios and Guil. Smith.

References: Mickwitz & Miekkavaara #235-2; Van der Krogt (Vol. I) #0911:1.3.

Condition: A

A fine impression with attractive color, wide margins, and a minor crease adjacent to centerfold. There is a damp stain on the bottom edge of the sheet, far from map image.