Book of Hours were prayer books designed for the laity, but modeled on the Divine Office, a cycle of daily devotions, prayers and readings, performed by members of religious orders and the clergy. Its central text is the Hours of the Virgin. There are eight hours (times for prayer ): Matins, Lauds. Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers and Compline. During the Middle Ages, the leaves making up a Book of Hours were written by hand on expensive parchment and beautifully illuminated with jewel-like pigments and gold leaf. These illuminated manuscripts combined the collaborative efforts of an array of highly skilled craftspeople; requiring the joint labors of the parchmenter, professional scribes to write the text in Gothic script, artists to illuminate the pages with decorations, and masterful binders to complete the process.

Fine vellum leaf from a French Bible. The vellum was from the skin of a sheep that grazed the hills of Normandy 800 years ago. For the production of a complete bible, a whole flock of sheep was needed. In Paris, the birth of the Bible as we know it took place around 1200, when for the first time it was bound into a single volume; the order and names of the books were standardized and the text was divided up into numbered chapters. The scribes employed headings at the top of each page and used blue and red initials to mark the beginning of each chapter - such as on this sheet with "Ysaias" (Isaiah) at the top of the pages, split between the two sheets. The text of this leaf is written in a very regular gothic hand, in two columns, 50 lines, with pen work in red and blue. The text is from the Isaiah, chapters 28-30.

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Condition: A

Minor marginal toning and soiling.