These two ingenious charts are in the form of dials with moving pointers. The first chart provides a chronology of rulers within the German Empire from 1200 to 1800 - with the chart remaining blank after 1716. There are 10 concentric rings, each representing a different kingdom or sphere of influence, such as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Saxony, etc. The circle is divided into 6 centuries, with each century spanning 60 degrees. The names of the rulers are listed within each ring, and placed at the corresponding degree based on the year they came to power. The spheres of influence are also listed on the pointer, so that the pointer can be moved around the circle to any date to see the names of the noblemen on that date.

The second chart shows a chronology of kings, princes and dukes from the most important Italian duchies and kingdoms from 1000 to 1800. Each century spans 45 degrees. The spheres of influence include the Kingdom of Naples, Kingdom of Sicily, and Duchy of Savoy.

The separate rotating pointers on both charts are completely original and in excellent condition.

References: Tooley (MCC-1) #41.

Condition: B+

The first chart has light soiling and foxing. The second chart has only marginal soiling. Both sheets were trimmed to the neatline at right by the bookbinder.