Claudius Ptolemy was a mathematician, astronomer and geographer who worked in Alexandria, then a part of the Roman Empire, in the 2nd century AD. One of the most learned and influential men of his time, his theories dominated both astronomy and geography for nearly 1500 years. His writings were kept alive by Arabic scholars during the Middle Ages and reemerged in Europe during the Renaissance. The birth of printing led to wide dissemination of his great works on astronomy and geography. There were a number of editions of his Geographia beginning in 1477. These early editions contained maps based on his original writings, known as Ptolemaic maps. As geographic knowledge increased with the explorations of Columbus, Magellan, Cabot and others, maps of the New World were added, and maps of the Old World were revised. Ptolemy's Geographia continued to be revised and published by some of the most important cartographers including Martin Waldseemuller, Sebastian Munster, Giacomo Gastaldi, Jodocus Hondius, and Gerard Mercator (whose last edition was published in 1730).

Ptolemy's twelfth map of Asia depicting the island of Ceylon, Taprobana, based on Gastaldi's 1548 map. There is an illustration of an elephant next to the map, with descriptive text that identifies the island of Taprobana with Sumatra - a common sixteenth century confusion concerning this island. Italian text on verso, published between 1562-64.

References: Mickwitz & Miekkavaara #216-58.

Condition: B+

On watermarked paper with a couple ink spots and printer's ink residue.