The origins of liturgical music traditionally date back to St. Gregory the Great (d. 604), who was inspired by the Holy Dove to record the principles of 'Gregorian' chant. The Gradual contained the musical parts of the Missal and was sung from the steps (gradus) of the altar. The Antiphoner contained the musical sections of the Breviary. These terms have become interchangeable in modern times. Because of their size and complexity, these manuscripts were still being handmade in the traditional way for centuries after the introduction of printing. They were boldly hand-written and illuminated on large sheets of sturdy vellum so that the entire choir could read from one book.

This vellum leaf includes both text and four-line music, written in red and black ink with a couple of large initials filigreed in red and blue ink. Beginning with the large initial "F" on recto, the song translates in part as:

Blessed Mary, queen of the world, may all the starry arrays and marvelous structures of the heavens praise you.

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Condition: B

Toned with some soiling, small worm holes at bottom, and trimmed at left with some loss of text.